ABSTRACT

The advancement towards the next generation of communication technology has been facilitated by the deployment of 5th Generation (5G) systems. These systems have made it possible to achieve compact devices, high-speed data rates, improved bandwidth, and reduced latency. In comparison to its predecessor, the 4th Generation (4G) systems, the 5G technology standards offer significantly higher data rates of up to 1 Gigabit and lower latency across the entire communication channel. The 5G systems have been classified into two distinct groups, namely Sub6 GHz and millimetre wave (mmWave) regions. Among these, the mmWave region has garnered considerable attention as a very promising and potentially advantageous option for forthcoming cellular devices. The mmWave spectrum allocated for 5G networks encompasses frequencies starting at 24GHz and above. The 28 GHz, 33 GHz, and 37 GHz frequency bands are classified as 5G mmWave bands. These bands have attracted significant interest from antenna designers and have been presented with innovative configurations and structures. This research focuses on designing next-generation multi-antenna systems with enhanced performance characteristics since the new 5th Generation systems require more efficient and new antenna designs. The need for highly efficient antennas with directional and powerful beamwidth is highly desired to overcome multipath fading and attenuation losses since in mmWave region, the wavelength becomes extremely small and becomes disposed to noises. The highly efficient and directive antenna arrays can easily overcome these undesirable noises and can perform efficiently. With a clear aim of telecommunication at a high bit rate in excess of Gbps the future network is now going towards 5G. Larger bandwidth is necessary in order to operate the antenna in practical behavior for achieving good data communication rates, by International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) same larger bandwidth is available in the currently utilized spectrum below 6 GHz. Therefore, an improved as well as advanced spectrum usage will be required, which is only accessible at higher frequencies i-e mmWave range.